Set up VPN Server
With the VPN Server package, you can easily turn your Synology NAS into a VPN server to allow DSM users to remotely and securely access resources shared within the local area network of your Synology NAS. By integrating common VPN protocols - PPTP, OpenVPN and L2TP/IPSec - VPN Server provides options to establish and manage VPN services tailored to your individual needs. To choose any of the following types of VPN server and to enable VPN services on your Synology NAS, install and launch VPN Server.
Note:
My device requires separate certificate files OpenVPN Access Server combines the certificates and the instructions for the OpenVPN client program into one file: the connection profile or client.ovpn file. Aug 28, 2020 Home Board index OpenVPN Inc. Enterprise business solutions The OpenVPN Access Server General Questions; Installing Let's Encrypt SSL certificate on OpenVPN server. 8 posts. Page 1 of 1. Jvonschaumburg OpenVpn Newbie Posts: 2 Joined: Wed Feb 10, 2016 2:03 pm. Installing Let's Encrypt SSL certificate on OpenVPN server. Post by jvonschaumburg. While installing and managing an SSL certificate for your Access Server may seem overly complex, this article tries to cover all the basics so you can get your Access Server secured in a snap! It’s important to note that SSL certificates only work when you are using an FQDN name for your OpenVPN Access Server installation. Product Overview. OpenVPN Access Server delivers the enterprise VPN your business has been looking for. Protect your data communications, secure IoT resources, and provide encrypted remote access to on-premise, hybrid, and public cloud resources. A master Certificate Authority (CA) certificate and key, used to sign the server and client certificates. OpenVPN supports bidirectional authentication based on certificates, meaning that the client must authenticate the server certificate and the server must authenticate the client certificate before mutual trust is established.
- Enabling VPN service affects the network performance of the system.
- Only DSM users belonging to the administrators group can install and set up VPN Server.
PPTP
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a commonly used VPN solution supported by most clients (including Windows, Mac, Linux, and mobile devices). For more information about PPTP, refer to here.
To enable PPTP VPN server:
- Open VPN Server and then go to Settings > PPTP on the left panel.
- Tick Enable PPTP VPN server.
- Specify a virtual IP address of VPN server in the Dynamic IP address fields. Refer to About Dynamic IP Address below for more information.
- Set Maximum connection number to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections.
- Set Maximum number of connections with same account to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections with the same account.
- Choose either of the following from the Authentication drop-down menu to authenticate VPN clients:
- PAP: VPN clients' passwords will not be encrypted during authentication.
- MS-CHAP v2: VPN clients' passwords will be encrypted during authentication using Microsoft CHAP version 2.
- If you selected MS-CHAP v2 for authentication above, choose any of the following from the Encryption drop-down menu to encrypt VPN connection:
- No MPPE: VPN connection will not be protected with Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption(MPPE) mechanism.
- Optional MPPE: If the client enables MPPE mechanism, VPN connection will be protected with MPPE mechanism. Otherwise, VPN connection will not be protected.
- Require MPPE: VPN connection will be protected with MPPE mechanism.
- Set MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to limit data packet size transmitted via the VPN.
- Tick Use manual DNS and specify the IP address of a DNS server to push DNS to PPTP clients. If this option is disabled, the DNS server used by the Synology NAS will be pushed to clients.
- Click Apply for the changes to take effect.
Note:
- When connecting to the VPN, the authentication and encryption settings of VPN clients must be identical to the settings specified on VPN Server, or else clients will not be able to connect successfully.
- To be compatible with most PPTP clients running Windows, Mac OS, iOS and Android operating systems, the default MTU is set to 1400. For more complicated network environments, a smaller MTU might be required. Try to reduce the MTU size if you keep receiving timeout error or experience unstable connections.
- Please check the port forwarding and firewall settings on your Synology NAS and router to make sure the TCP port 1723 is open.
- PPTP VPN service is built-in on some routers, the port 1723 might be occupied. To ensure VPN Server works properly, you might need to disable the built-in PPTP VPN service through the router's management interface to have the PPTP of VPN Server work. In addition, some old routers block the GRE protocol (IP protocol 47), which will result in VPN connection failure. It is recommended using a router that supports VPN pass-through connections.
OpenVPN
OpenVPN is an open source solution for implementing VPN service. It protects the VPN connection with the SSL/TLS encryption mechanism. For more information about OpenVPN, visit here.
To enable OpenVPN VPN server:
- Open VPN Server and then go to Settings > OpenVPN on the left panel.
- Tick Enable OpenVPN server.
- Specify a virtual internal IP address of VPN server in the Dynamic IP address fields. Refer to About Dynamic IP Address below for more information.
- Set Maximum connection number to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections.
- Set Maximum number of connections with same account to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections with the same account.
- Tick Enable compression on the VPN link if you want to compress data during transfer. This option can increase transmission speed, but might consume more system resources.
- Tick Allow clients to access server's LAN to permit clients to access the server's LAN.
- Tick Enable IPv6 server mode to enable OpenVPN server to send IPv6 addresses. You will first need to get a prefix via 6in4/6to4/DHCP-PD in Control Panel > Network > Network Interface. Then select the prefix in this page.
- Click Apply for the changes to take effect.
Note:
- VPN Server does not support bridge mode for site-to-site connections.
- Please check the port forwarding and firewall settings on your Synology NAS and router to make sure the UDP port 1194 is open.
- When running OpenVPN GUI on Windows Vista or Windows 7, please note that UAC (User Account Control) is enabled by default. If enabled, you need to use the Run as administrator option to properly connect with OpenVPN GUI.
- When enabling IPv6 server mode in Windows with OpenVPN GUI, please note the following:
- The interface name used by the VPN cannot have a space, e.g., LAN 1 needs to be changed to LAN1.
- The option redirect-gateway has to be set in the openvpn.ovpn file at the client side. If you do not want to set this option, you should set the DNS of the VPN interface manually. You may use Google IPv6 DNS: 2001:4860:4860::8888.
- When Allow clients to access server's LAN is not ticked, VPN clients will still be able to access your server's LAN in the following situations:
- VPN server is set as the default gateway at the client side.
- Related routing rules are added manually at the client side.
To export configuration file:
Click Export Configuration. OpenVPN allows VPN server to issue an authentication certificate to the clients. The exported file is a zip file that contains ca.crt (certificate file for VPN server), openvpn.ovpn (configuration file for the client), and README.txt (simple instruction on how to set up OpenVPN connection for the client). For more information, refer to here.
Note:
- Each time VPN Server runs, it will automatically copy and use the certificate shown at Control Panel > Security > Certificate. If you need to use a third-party certificate, please import the certificate at Control Panel > Security > Certificate > Action and restart VPN Server.
- VPN Server will automatically restart each time the certificate file shown at Control Panel > Security > Certificate is modified.
L2TP/IPSec
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) over IPSec provides virtual private networks with increased security and is supported by most clients (such as Windows, Mac, Linux, and mobile devices). For more information about L2TP, refer to here.
Note:
- To use L2TP/IPSec, make sure your Synology NAS is running DSM 4.3 or later.
To enable L2TP/IPSec VPN server:
- Open VPN Server and then go to Settings > L2TP/IPSec on the left panel.
- Tick Enable L2TP/IPSec VPN server.
- Specify a virtual IP address of VPN server in the Dynamic IP address fields. Refer to About Dynamic IP Address below for more information.
- Set Maximum connection number to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections.
- Set Maximum number of connections with same account to limit the number of concurrent VPN connections with the same account.
- Choose either of the following from the Authentication drop-down menu to authenticate VPN clients:
- PAP: VPN clients' passwords will not be encrypted during authentication.
- MS-CHAP v2: VPN clients' passwords will be encrypted during authentication using Microsoft CHAP version 2.
- Set MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to limit data packet size transmitted via the VPN.
- Tick Use manual DNS and specify the IP address of a DNS server to push DNS to L2TP/IPSec clients. If this option is disabled, the DNS server used by the Synology NAS will be pushed to clients.
- Enter and confirm a pre-shared key. This secret key should be given to your L2TP/IPSec VPN user to authenticate the connection.
- Click Apply for the changes to take effect.
Note:
- When connecting to the VPN, the authentication and encryption settings of VPN clients must be identical to the settings specified on VPN Server, or else clients will not be able to connect successfully.
- To be compatible with most L2TP/IPSec clients running Windows, Mac OS, iOS, and Android operating systems, the default MTU is set to 1400. For more complicated network environments, a smaller MTU might be required. Try to reduce the MTU size if you keep receiving timeout error or experience unstable connection.
- Please check the port forwarding and firewall settings on your Synology NAS and router to make sure the UDP port 1701, 500, and 4500 are open.
- L2TP or IPSec VPN service is built-in on some routers, the port 1701, 500 or 4500 might be occupied. To ensure VPN Server works properly, you might need to disable the built-in L2TP or IPSec VPN service through the router's management interface to have the L2TP/IPSec of VPN Server work. It is recommended using a router that supports VPN pass-through connections.
About Dynamic IP Address
Depending on the number you entered in Dynamic IP address, VPN Server will choose from a range of virtual IP addresses while assigning IP addresses to VPN clients. For example, if the dynamic IP address of VPN server is set as '10.0.0.0', a VPN client's virtual IP address could range from '10.0.0.1' to '10.0.0.[maximum connection number]' for PPTP, and from '10.0.0.2' to '10.0.0.255' for OpenVPN.
Important:Before specifying the dynamic IP address of VPN server, please note:
- Dynamic IP addresses allowed for VPN server should be any of the following:
- From '10.0.0.0' to '10.255.255.0'
- From '172.16.0.0' to '172.31.255.0'
- From '192.168.0.0' to '192.168.255.0'
- The specified dynamic IP address of VPN server and the assigned virtual IP addresses for VPN clients should not conflict with any IP addresses currently used within your local area network.
About Client's Gateway Setting for VPN Connection
Before connecting to the local area network of Synology NAS via VPN, the clients might need to change their gateway setting for VPN connection. Otherwise, they might not be able to connect to the Internet when VPN connection is established. For detailed information, refer to here.
OpenVPN is a Virtual Private Networking (VPN) solution provided in the Ubuntu Repositories. It is flexible, reliable and secure. It belongs to the family of SSL/TLS VPN stacks (different from IPSec VPNs). This chapter will cover installing and configuring OpenVPN to create a VPN.
If you want more than just pre-shared keys OpenVPN makes it easy to set up a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to use SSL/TLS certificates for authentication and key exchange between the VPN server and clients. OpenVPN can be used in a routed or bridged VPN mode and can be configured to use either UDP or TCP. The port number can be configured as well, but port 1194 is the official one; this single port is used for all communication. VPN client implementations are available for almost anything including all Linux distributions, OS X, Windows and OpenWRT based WLAN routers.
Server Installation
To install openvpn in a terminal enter:
Public Key Infrastructure Setup
The first step in building an OpenVPN configuration is to establish a PKI (public key infrastructure). The PKI consists of:
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- a separate certificate (also known as a public key) and private key for the server and each client.
- a master Certificate Authority (CA) certificate and key, used to sign the server and client certificates.
OpenVPN supports bidirectional authentication based on certificates, meaning that the client must authenticate the server certificate and the server must authenticate the client certificate before mutual trust is established.
Both server and client will authenticate the other by first verifying that the presented certificate was signed by the master certificate authority (CA), and then by testing information in the now-authenticated certificate header, such as the certificate common name or certificate type (client or server).
Certificate Authority Setup
To setup your own Certificate Authority (CA) and generate certificates and keys for an OpenVPN server and multiple clients first copy the
easy-rsa
directory to /etc/openvpn
. This will ensure that any changes to the scripts will not be lost when the package is updated. From a terminal, run:Note: If desired, you can alternatively edit
/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/vars
directly, adjusting it to your needs.As
root
user change to the newly created directory /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
and run:Server Keys and Certificates
Next, we will generate a key pair for the server:
Diffie Hellman parameters must be generated for the OpenVPN server. The following will place them in
pki/dh.pem
.And finally a certificate for the server:
All certificates and keys have been generated in subdirectories. Common practice is to copy them to /etc/openvpn/:
Client Certificates
The VPN client will also need a certificate to authenticate itself to the server. Usually you create a different certificate for each client.
This can either be done on the server (as the keys and certificates above) and then securely distributed to the client. Or vice versa: the client can generate and submit a request that is sent and signed by the server.
To create the certificate, enter the following in a terminal while being user root:
If the first command above was done on a remote system, then copy the .req file to the CA server. There you can then import it via
easyrsa import-req /incoming/myclient1.req myclient1
. Then you can go on with the second sign-eq
command.Amd ati radeon 6770 drivers. In both cases, afterwards copy the following files to the client using a secure method:
pki/ca.crt
pki/issued/myclient1.crt
As the client certificates and keys are only required on the client machine, you can remove them from the server.
Simple Server Configuration
Along with your OpenVPN installation you got these sample config files (and many more if you check):
Start with copying and unpacking server.conf.gz to /etc/openvpn/server.conf.
Edit
/etc/openvpn/myserver.conf
to make sure the following lines are pointing to the certificates and keys you created in the section above.Complete this set with a ta key in
etc/openvpn
for tls-auth like:Edit
/etc/sysctl.conf
and uncomment the following line to enable IP forwarding.Then reload sysctl.
That is the minimum you have to configure to get a working OpenVPN server. You can use all the default settings in the sample server.conf file. Now start the server.
Be aware that the “systemctl start openvpn” is not starting your openvpn you just defined.
Openvpn uses templatized systemd jobs, openvpn@CONFIGFILENAME. So if for example your configuration file is
Openvpn uses templatized systemd jobs, openvpn@CONFIGFILENAME. So if for example your configuration file is
myserver.conf
your service is called openvpn@myserver. You can run all kinds of service and systemctl commands like start/stop/enable/disable/preset against a templatized service like openvpn@server.You will find logging and error messages in the journal. For example, if you started a templatized service openvpn@server you can filter for this particular message source with:
The same templatized approach works for all of systemctl:
You can enable/disable various openvpn services on one system, but you could also let Ubuntu do it for you. There is config for
AUTOSTART
in /etc/default/openvpn
. Allowed values are “all”, “none” or space separated list of names of the VPNs. If empty, “all” is assumed. The VPN name refers to the VPN configutation file name. i.e. home
would be /etc/openvpn/home.conf
If you’re running systemd, changing this variable will require running systemctl daemon-reload
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After “systemctl daemon-reload” a restart of the “generic” openvpn will restart all dependent services that the generator in /lib/systemd/system-generators/openvpn-generator created for your conf files when you called daemon-reload.
Now check if OpenVPN created a tun0 interface:
Simple Client Configuration
There are various different OpenVPN client implementations with and without GUIs. You can read more about clients in a later section on VPN Clients. For now we use commandline/service based OpenVPN client for Ubuntu which is part of the very same package as the server. So you have to install the
openvpn
package again on the client machine:This time copy the client.conf sample config file to /etc/openvpn/:
Copy the following client keys and certificate files you created in the section above to e.g. /etc/openvpn/ and edit
/etc/openvpn/client.conf
to make sure the following lines are pointing to those files. If you have the files in /etc/openvpn/ you can omit the path.And you have to specify the OpenVPN server name or address. Make sure the keyword client is in the config. That’s what enables client mode.
Now start the OpenVPN client with the same templatized mechanism:
You can check status as you did on the server:
On the server log an incoming connection looks like the following.
You can see client name and source address as well as success/failure messages.
You can see client name and source address as well as success/failure messages.
And you can check on the client if it created a tun0 interface:
Check if you can ping the OpenVPN server:
Note
The OpenVPN server always uses the first usable IP address in the client network and only that IP is pingable. E.g. if you configured a /24 for the client network mask, the .1 address will be used. The P-t-P address you see in the
ip addr
output above is usually not answering ping requests.Check out your routes:
Openvpn Access Server Certificate Download
First trouble shooting
If the above didn’t work for you, check this:
- Check your
journal -xe
- Check that you have specified the keyfile names correctly in client and server conf files
- Can the client connect to the server machine? Maybe a firewall is blocking access? Check journal on server.
- Client and server must use same protocol and port, e.g. UDP port 1194, see port and proto config option
- Client and server must use same config regarding compression, see comp-lzo config option
- Client and server must use same config regarding bridged vs routed mode, see server vs server-bridge config option
Advanced configuration
Advanced routed VPN configuration on server
The above is a very simple working VPN. The client can access services on the VPN server machine through an encrypted tunnel. If you want to reach more servers or anything in other networks, push some routes to the clients. E.g. if your company’s network can be summarized to the network 192.168.0.0/16, you could push this route to the clients. But you will also have to change the routing for the way back - your servers need to know a route to the VPN client-network.
The example config files that we have been using in this guide are full of all these advanced options in the form of a comment and a disabled configuration line as an example.
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Note
Please read the OpenVPN hardening security guide for further security advice.
Advanced bridged VPN configuration on server
OpenVPN can be setup for either a routed or a bridged VPN mode. Sometimes this is also referred to as OSI layer-2 versus layer-3 VPN. In a bridged VPN all layer-2 frames - e.g. all ethernet frames - are sent to the VPN partners and in a routed VPN only layer-3 packets are sent to VPN partners. In bridged mode all traffic including traffic which was traditionally LAN-local like local network broadcasts, DHCP requests, ARP requests etc. are sent to VPN partners whereas in routed mode this would be filtered.
Prepare interface config for bridging on server
First, use netplan to configure a bridge device using the desired ethernet device.
Static IP addressing is highly suggested. DHCP addressing can also work, but you will still have to encode a static address in the OpenVPN configuration file.
The next step on the server is to configure the ethernet device for promiscuous mode on boot. To do this, ensure the networkd-dispatcher package is installed and create the following configuration script.
Then add the following contents.
Prepare server config for bridging
Edit
/etc/openvpn/server.conf
to use tap rather than tun and set the server to use the server-bridge directive:After configuring the server, restart openvpn by entering:
Prepare client config for bridging
The only difference on the client side for bridged mode to what was outlined above is that you need to edit
/etc/openvpn/client.conf
and set tap
mode:Finally, restart openvpn:
You should now be able to connect to the full remote LAN through the VPN.
References
- Snap’ed version of openvpn easy-openvpn
- Debians OpenVPN Guide